Letter to Congress

February 2006

The Chicago Council of Lawyers supports federal legislation that would adopt a journalist/ source privilege that applies to the federal government. We do so because such a privilege would promote the free flow of information to the public about the workings of the government. It would assist the press and other media to be a watchdog on the operations of the federal government.

We have reviewed both Senate Bill 1419 and House Bill 3323 (parallel bills that would adopt such a privilege.) We understand they would create a presumption that information a journalist learns but does not publish, as well as a journalist’s confidential source, should not be the subject of mandatory disclosure, except in rare instances. We read both to give broad protection to a journalist’s confidential source, and support that protection.

The Council also makes two suggestions on the language of these bills:

National security
In order for a source to be disclosed, there must be a showing that disclosure of a source only when it would prevent imminent and actual harm to "national security." Because the term "national security" is vague and can be read broadly, we recommend that the statutory language be "imminent and actual substantial harm to national security."

Criminal cases
The section dealing with the applicability of the privilege to criminal proceedings requires the court to determine both that:

1) there are "reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has occurred," and

2) the information sought is "essential to the investigation, prosecution or defense" of the criminal charge.

This language would require that a criminal defendant, who seeks reporters’ documents or information, prove that there are "reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has occurred." Instead, the bill should provide that when a criminal defendant seeks such information, he need only prove the second element listed above.

Gordon Waldron

Chair, Chicago Council of Lawyers Civil Liberties Committee